Python Operators : Full Explained
What are Operators in Python
In Python, Operators are special symbols or you can say keywords, that perform operations on one or more values or variables and produce a result. Python provides a wide range of operators that can be used for arithmetic, assignment, comparison, logical operations, and more. Below, let’s discuss some of the key operators in Python:
Python Arithmetic Operator
In python, arithmetic operator are used with numeric values or with strings (only in case of addition) to perform basic mathematical operations. Like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, floor division, Exponentiation. Here is example:
Example
x = 3 y = 2 #Addition print (x+y) #outputs: 5 #Subtraction print (x-y) #outputs: 1 #Multiplication print (x*y) #outputs: 6 #Division print (x / y) #outputs: 1.5 #Floor Division print (x // y) #outputs: 1 #Modulus print (x % y) #outputs: 1 #Exponentiation print (x ** y) #outputs: 9
Python Assignment Operator
In python, Assignment operator is used to assign any value to a variable. Assignment operator is of two types:
- Assignment ( = ):- This operator assigns the value on the right to the variable on the left.
- Compound Assignment:- Compound Assignment includes
+=,-=,*=,/=,//=,%=, these signs performs the operation on the right operand with the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand. Take a look at the below table and clear you doubts about these signs.
| Operator | Example | Also written as |
|---|---|---|
| += | x+=2 | x = x+2 |
| -= | x -= 2 | x = x-2 |
| *x | x*=2 | x = x*2 |
| /x | x/=2 | x = x/2 |
| //= | x//=2 | x = x//2 |
| %= | x%=2 | x= x%2 |
| **x | x**=2 | x = x**2 |
In an example below, let’s write a code and see how you can use these operators in Python.
Example
x = 3 #Addition x+=2 print (x) #outputs: 5 #Subtraction x -=2 print (x) #outputs: 1 #Multiplication x*=2 print (x) #outputs: 6 #Division x/=2 print (x) #outputs: 1.5 #Floor Division x//=2 print (x) #outputs: 1 #Modulus x%=2 print (x) #outputs: 1 #Exponentiation x**=2 print (x) #outputs: 9
Python Comparison Operator
Comparison Operators in python are used to compare two values.
| Name | Operator | Example | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Equal to | == | x==y | Returns True, if x is equal to y, otherwise False |
| Not Equal to | != | x!=y | Returns True, if x is not equal to y, otherwise False |
| Greater Than | > | x>y | Returns True, if x is greater than y, otherwise False |
| Less Than | < | x<y | Returns True, if x is less than y, otherwise False |
| Greater than or equal to | >= | x>=y | Returns True, if x is greater or equal to y, otherwise False |
| Less than or equal to | <= | x<=y | Returns True, if x is less or equal to y, otherwise False |
Here is how you can use these operators in your code.
Example
x = 3 y = 5 print (x==y) #outputs: False print (x!=y) #outputs: True print (x>y) #outputs: False print (x<y) #outputs: True print (x>=y) #outputs: False print (x<=y) #outputs: True
Python Logical Operator
Python logical operators are used to perform logical operations on expressions.
| Operator | Example | Description |
|---|---|---|
| and | x> y and y<z | Returns True, if both statements are true, otherwise False |
| or | x>y or y<z | Returns True, if any one or both of the statements are true, otherwise False |
| not | not(x > y) | Returns True, if x is not greater than y, otherwise False |
Let’s write a code in an below example to clear your all doubts about Python Logical Operators.
Example
x = 3 print (x > 2 and x < 5) #outputs: True print (x > 5 and x == 3) #outputs: False print (x > 4 or x < 6 ) #outputs: True print (not(x > 5)) #outputs: True print (not (x == 3)) #outputs: False
Python Bitwise Operators
The Bitwise Operators are used to perform operations on integers.
| Name | Operator | Example | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| And | & | x & y | Performs a bitwise AND operation on each pair of corresponding bits. |
| or | | | x | y | Performs a bitwise OR operation on each pair of corresponding bits. |
| XOR | ^ | x ^ y | Performs a bitwise XOR operation on each pair of corresponding bits. |
| NOT | ~ | ~x | Inverts the bits of the operand, changing 0 to 1 and 1 to 0. |
| Zero fill left shift | << | x << 3 | Shifts the bits of the left operand to the left by the number of positions specified by the right operand. |
| Signed right shift | >> | x >> 3 | Shifts the bits of the left operand to the right by the number of positions specified by the right operand. |
Here is an example of an Python Bitwise Operator.
Example
print (5 & 3) #outputs: 1 # Explanation """ The & operator compares each bit and set it to 1 if both are 1, otherwise it is set to 0: we know that 5 = 0000000000000101 3 = 0000000000000011 so the result is 0000000000000001, which is equal to 1 1 = 0000000000000001 Decimal numbers and their binary values: 0 = 0000000000000000 1 = 0000000000000001 2 = 0000000000000010 3 = 0000000000000011 4 = 0000000000000100 5 = 0000000000000101 6 = 0000000000000110 7 = 0000000000000111 """
Python Identity Operators
Python Identity Operators are used to compare the identity of two objects. They do not check whether the two objects are equal, but rather if they refer to the same memory location or not. Python Provides two Identity Operators. is and is not:
- is:- The
isoperator returns True if the two operands have the same identity, means they refer to the same object in memory. Otherwise, it returns False. - is not:- The
is notoperator returns True if the two operands have different identities, means they refer to different objects in memory. Otherwise, it returns False.
Here is an example Python Identity Operators.
Example
x = ["Learn", "Python"] y = x z = ["Learn" "Java"] # Using 'is' operator print(x is y) # Outputs: True because 'x' and 'y' refer to the same object print(x is z) # Outputs: False Because 'x' and 'z' refer to different objects # Using 'is not' operator print(x is not y) # Outputs: False because 'x' and 'y' refer to the same object print(x is not z) # Outputs: True Because 'x' and 'z' refer to different objects
Python Membership Operators
Python Membership Operator are used to test whether a value or item is a member of a sequence (string, list, tuple) or not. There are two membership operators in Python. in and not in:
- in:- Returns True if the value is present in a list, tuple or set, otherwise False.
- not in:- Returns True if the value is not present in a string, tuple or set, otherwise False.
Here is an example of Python Membership Operator.
Example
fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
# Using 'in' operator
print('banana' in fruits) # Outputs: True
print('grapes' in fruits) # Outputs: False
# Using 'not in' operator
print('orange' not in fruits) # Outputs: True
print('apple' not in fruits) # Outputs: False
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